Differences in landscape evolution between two Pre-pyrenean municipalities (Alquézar and Valle de Lierp) during the second half of the 20th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2013.168006Keywords:
Leisure industry, mountains urbanization, territorial impacts of the ski, PyreneesAbstract
This article assesses the territorial impact of the ski industry in two areas of the Spanish Pyrenees (Aragon Pyrenees and the Catalan High Pyrenees). By analyzing the changes on demographic dynamics and structure, economic portfolio, and evolution of the built structure of these areas since the construction of the ski resorts, we, firstly, identify a trend towards urbanization emerging in these areas, and secondly, that this trend unfolds in two different models: around the ski resorts at the northern end of valleys in the Aragon study site, and in regional centers at the bottom of the main valleys in the Catalan High Pyrenees. In this fashion the ski industry, which offers seasonal services to a mostly urban clientele, contributes to the redefinition of peripheral rural areas taking into account urban needs. The towns, by the ski resorts in Aragon, and in the bottom of the valleys in Catalonia, have grown to become small nodes of a large network that expands the physical, economic and cultural influence of the low lands cities over the Spanish mountains.
Downloads
References
Arqué, M, García, A. & Mateu, X. 1979. Las agregaciones de municipios en las áreas de monta-a. El caso del alto Pirineo Catalán. Ciudad y Territorio, 4: 65-74.
Bachimonet, P., Derioz, P. & Marc, M. 2009. Tourism, development and sustainability in French Cerdagne"Revue de Geographie Alpine, 97 (3): 16.
Barrachina. M. 2011. Perspectives per a la ramaderia del Pirineu català. Anàlisi multidimensional dels seus condicionants a partir de l'exemple de la Vall Fosca (Pallars Jussà). PhD thesis, Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Barrère, P. 1981. La haute montagne, bien de nature où objet de profit. In: Supervivencia de la monta-a. Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid: 459-475 pp.
Boneta, M. 2003. La Vall Fosca: els llacs de la llum. Desenvolupament socioeconòmic a començaments del segle XX (Garsineu, Tremp).
Buckley, R.C., Pickering, C.M. & Warnken, J. 2000. Environmental management for alpine tourism and resorts in Australia. In: Tourism and development in mountain regions Eds PM Godde, MF Price, FM Zimmermann. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK 27-45 pp.
Butler, R. 2000. Tourism and the environment: a geographical perspective. Journal of Tourism Geographies, 2 (3): 337-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616680050082553
Campillo, X. Font, X. 2004. Avaluació de la sostenibilitat del turisme a l'Alt Pirineu i Aran. Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona.
Caravaca, I. & Méndez, R. 1994. Industrial revitalization of the metropolitan areas in Spain. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 18: 220-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1994.tb00263.x
Clarimont, S. & Vlès, V. 2009. Le tourisme pyrénéen face au développement durable: Une integration partielle et hésitante. Revue de Géographie Alpine 97 (3).
Eade, J. 1992. Pilgrimage and tourism at Lourdes, France. Annals of Tourism Research, 19 (1): 18-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90104-W
Estrada, F. Nadal, E. & Iglesias, J.R. 2010. Twenty-first century transhumants: Social and economic change in the Alta Ribagorça. In: Social and Ecological History of the Pyrenees: State, market, and landscape (Eds I. Vaccaro & O. Beltran). Left Coast, Walnut Creek, California: 105-126 pp.
Ferrero, G. 1998. Seconde case, politicheurbanistiche e turismo nelle Alpi occidentali italiane. Revue Géographie Alpine, 86: 61-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.1998.2892
García-Ruiz, J.M. & Lasanta, T, 1990. Land-use changes in the Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development, 10: 267-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673606
García-Ruiz, J.M. & Sala, M. 1984. Pyrenees and Ebro Basin Complex. In: Geomorphology of Europe. McMillan Reference Books, London.
Godde, P.M., Price, M.F. & Zimmermann, F.M., Eds. 2000, Tourism and development in mountain regions.CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK. PMCid:102686
Herrera, A. 2002. Infraestructuras y desarrollo económico en el Pirineo central (1850-2000). Ager. Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural, 2: 197-226.
Jamal, T. & Ges, D. 1999. Community roundtables for tourism-related conflicts: The dialectics of consensus and process structures. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7: 290-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669589908667341
Laguna, M. & Lasanta, T. 2003. Competing for meadows. A case study on tourism and livestock farming in the Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development, 23: 169-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0169:CFM]2.0.CO;2
Lasanta, T. Laguna, M. & Vicente-Serrano, S.M. 2007. Do tourism-based ski resorts contribute to the homogeneous development of the Mediterranean mountains? A case study in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Tourism Management, 28: 1326-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.003
Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. 2008. Mapping and analyzing local tourism systems in Italy, 1991-2001" Journal of Tourism Geographies, 10 (2): 214-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616680802000055
Lindberg, K., Anderson, T.D. & Dellaert, B.G.C. 2001. Tourism development. Assessing social gains and losses. Annals of Tourism Research, 28: 1010-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00007-X
Lluelles, M.J. 1991. La transformació económica d'Andorra. L'Avenç, Barcelona: 690 pp.
López-Moreno, J.I. & García-Ruiz, J.M. 2004. Influence of snow accumulation and snow melt on stream flow in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49: 787-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.49.5.787.55135
MacDonald, D. Crabtree, J.R., Wiegsinger, G., Dax, T., Stamou, T., Fleury, P., Gutiérrez Lazpita, J. & Gibon, A. 2000. Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: environmental consequences and policy response. Journal Environmental Management, 59: 47-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0335
Messerli, P. 1987. The development of tourism in the Swiss Alps: economic, social and environmental effects. Experience and recommendations from the Swiss Mabprogramme. Mountain Research and Development, 7: 13-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673321
Mottet, A., Ladet, S., Coque, N., & Gibon, A. 2006. Agricultural land-use and its drivers in mountain landscapes: A case study in the Pyrenees. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 114: 296-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.017
Nadal, E., Iglesias, J.R. & Estrada, F. 2010. Transhumàncies del segle XXI. La ramaderia ovina i la transhumància a l'Alta Ribagorça. Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona.
Nadal, J. Pelachs, A. Molina, D. & Soriano J.M. 2009. Soil fertility evolution and landscape dynamics in a Mediterranean area: a case study in the Saint Llorens Natural Park (Barcelona, NE Spain). Area, 41(2): 129-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00858.x
Nogués-Bravo, D. 2006. Assessing the effects of environmental and anthropogenic factors on land-cover diversity in a Mediterranean mountain environment. Area, 38(4): 432-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2006.00709.x
Overvag, K. & Gunnerud Berg, N. 2011. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment. Journal of Tourism Geographies, 13 (3): 417-442.
Pechlaner, H. Tschurtschenthaler, P. 2003. Tourism policy, tourism organizations and change management in Alpine regions and destinations: AEuropean Perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 6: 508-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500308667967
Pérez Yruela, M. 1995. Spanish rural society in transition. Sociologia Ruralis, 35: 276-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1995.tb00839.x
Perlik, M. Messerli, P.& Bätzing, W. 2001. Towns in the Alps: urbanization processes, economic structure, and demarcation of European Functional Areas (EFUAs) in the Alps. Mountain Research Development, 21 (3): 243-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0243:TITA]2.0.CO;2
Perlik, M. 2011. Alpine gentrification: the mountain village as a metropolitan neighborhood. Revue de Géographie Alpine, 99 (1).
Pignatti, S. 1993. Impact of tourism on the mountain landscape of central Italy. Landscape and Urban Planning, 24 (1-2): 49-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(93)90082-O
Pinilla, V. Ayuda, M.I. & Sáez, L.A. 2008. Rural depopulation and the migration turnaround in Mediterranean Western Europe: A case study of Aragon. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 3: 1-22.
Preau, P. 1984. Le changement social dans une commune touristique de montagne: Saint-Bon-Tarentaise (Savoie). Revue de Géographie Alpine, 72: 411-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.1984.2581
Price, M.F. 1992. Patterns of the development of tourism in mountain environments. GeoJournal, 27(1): 87-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150639
Stoddart, M. 2012. Making meaning out of Mountains: the political ecology of skiing. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Vaccaro, I. & Beltran, O. 2007. Consuming space, nature and culture: patrimonial discussions in the hyper-modern era. Journal of Tourism Geographies, 9 (3): 254-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616680701422715
Vaccaro, I. & Beltran, O. 2009. The mountainous space as a commodity: the Pyrenees at the age of globalization. Revue de Géographie Alpine, 97 (3).
Vaccaro, I. & Beltran, O., Eds. 2010. Social and Ecological History of the Pyrenees: State, market, and landscape. Left Coast, Walnut Creek, California.
Walford, N. 2001. Patterns of development in tourist accommodation enterprises on farms in England andWales. Applied Geography, 21: 331-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0143-6228(01)00010-8
Weaver, D.B.,& Lawton, L.J. 2001. Resident perceptions in the urban-rural fringe. Annals of Tourism Research, 28: 439-458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00052-9
Woods, M. 2007. Engaging the global countryside: globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of the rural place. Progress in Human Geography, 31 (4): 485-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132507079503
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
