Servicios ecosistémicos en áreas de montaña: beneficios y amenazas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2022.177001Palabras clave:
Montañas, biótico, abiótico, servicios ecosistémicos, factores de cambioResumen
Las áreas de montaña tienen un impacto importante en las dinámicas climáticas y son una de las fuentes de agua con condiciones más críticas. Las montañas fueron claves en la evolución histórica del ser humano y suministraron servicios ecosistémicos (SE) bióticos y abióticos esenciales para la vida humana. Este artículo de perspectiva estudiará la importancia de las montañas para el suministro de SE y los impactos de los diferentes factores de cambio, a saber, cambios en el hábitat, el cambio climático, la sobreexplotación, la contaminación y las especies invasoras. Las zonas de montaña tienen una gran capacidad para suministrar un número importante de recursos reguladores (regulación del clima global y local, regulación de la calidad del aire, regulación de los riesgos naturales, polinización), de aprovisionamiento (cultivos, ganado, alimentos y pesca silvestre, biomasa para energía y madera, energía renovable de agua dulce -hidroeléctrica, eólica, solar y geotérmica- y recursos minerales) y culturales (ocio y turismo, estética e inspiración del paisaje, patrimonio cultural y diversidad cultural y sistemas de conocimiento). Sin embargo, los cambios impuestos por la modificación del hábitat, el cambio climático, la sobreexplotación, la contaminación y las especies invasoras pueden aumentar los intercambios entre los SE y desencadenar la degradación del medio ambiente. En general, es necesario equilibrar la utilización de los SE de montaña y reducir los efectos de los distintos factores de cambio.
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