Servicios ecosistémicos en áreas de montaña: beneficios y amenazas

Paulo  Pereira; Miguel  Inacio; Igor  Bogunovic; Marcos Francos; Damià  Barceló; Wenwu  Zhao

doi:10.3989/pirineos.2022.177001

Autores/as

Paulo Pereira Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2010
Miguel Inacio Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-1287
Igor Bogunovic Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-458X
Marcos Francos Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and History, University of Salamanca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-5686
Damià Barceló Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-0491
Wenwu Zhao Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5342-354X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2022.177001

Palabras clave:

Montañas, biótico, abiótico, servicios ecosistémicos, factores de cambio

Resumen

Las áreas de montaña tienen un impacto importante en las dinámicas climáticas y son una de las fuentes de agua con condiciones más críticas. Las montañas fueron claves en la evolución histórica del ser humano y suministraron servicios ecosistémicos (SE) bióticos y abióticos esenciales para la vida humana. Este artículo de perspectiva estudiará la importancia de las montañas para el suministro de SE y los impactos de los diferentes factores de cambio, a saber, cambios en el hábitat, el cambio climático, la sobreexplotación, la contaminación y las especies invasoras. Las zonas de montaña tienen una gran capacidad para suministrar un número importante de recursos reguladores (regulación del clima global y local, regulación de la calidad del aire, regulación de los riesgos naturales, polinización), de aprovisionamiento (cultivos, ganado, alimentos y pesca silvestre, biomasa para energía y madera, energía renovable de agua dulce -hidroeléctrica, eólica, solar y geotérmica- y recursos minerales) y culturales (ocio y turismo, estética e inspiración del paisaje, patrimonio cultural y diversidad cultural y sistemas de conocimiento). Sin embargo, los cambios impuestos por la modificación del hábitat, el cambio climático, la sobreexplotación, la contaminación y las especies invasoras pueden aumentar los intercambios entre los SE y desencadenar la degradación del medio ambiente. En general, es necesario equilibrar la utilización de los SE de montaña y reducir los efectos de los distintos factores de cambio.

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