Response in a headwater catchment during storm-flow events (Aixola, Basque Country).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2010.165012Keywords:
Discharge, suspended sediment concentration, electrical conductivity, single flood events, hysteretic loops, headwater catchmentAbstract
Turbidity (T, FNU), discharge (Q, l/s) and precipitation (P, mm) are being continuously monitored in the gauging station located at the outlet of Aixola catchment (Gipuzkoa, 5 km2) since October 2003. Several data sets recorded during flood events occurred between 2003 and 2005 were used to estimate continuous suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Electrical conductivity was also measured in samples taken during runoff events. Several event (discharge, precipitation and suspended sediment concentration) and pre-event (discharge and precipitation) factors are calculated for all the events registered. With them a correlation matrix was developed. Good correlation between precipitation (P), discharge (Q) and suspended sediment (SS) variables is found in general but pre-event conditions don’t show correlation with event parameters. Analysis of SSC-discharge evolutions through the events showed that four different kinds of hysteretic loops can be observed in Aixola. Hysteretic loops have also been related to event and pre-event factors. Evolution of electrical conductivity of waters during events shows that the catchment has a considerable regulation capacity.
Downloads
References
Alexandrov, Y., Laronne, J.B. & Reid, I., 2003. Suspended Sediment Concentration And Its Variation With Water Discharge In A Dryland Ephemeral Channel, Northern Negev, Israel. Journal Of Arid Environments, 53: 73-84. doi:10.1006/jare.2002.1020
Ankers, C., Walling, D.E. & Smith, R.P., 2003. The Influence Of Catchment Characteristics On Suspended Sediment Properties. Hidrobiología, 494: 159-167. doi:10.1023/A:1025458114068
Barturen, M.R. & Ugarte, F.M., 1988. Evaluación De La Carga Detrítica En Suspensión Y Carga En Solución Del Río Oñati (Cuenca Del Río Deba. Gipuzkoa). Munibe, 40: 39-54.
Brasington, J. & Richards, K., 2000. Turbidity And Suspended Sediment Dynamics In Small Catchments In The Nepal Middle Hills. Hydrological Processes, 14: 2559-2574. doi:10.1002/1099-1085(20001015)14:14<2559::AID-HYP114>3.0.CO;2-E
De Pablo, C.T.F., Díaz Pineda, F., Martín De Agar, P. & Ugarte, F.M., 1991. Pérdida De Suelo Y Explotación Forestal En El País Vasco. Bizia, 4: 35-38.
Edeso, J.M., 1997. Pérdidas De Suelo En Explotaciones Forestales De La Vertiente Cantábrica Del País Vasco. En: Desarrollo Rural Y Medio Ambiente: El Futuro Del Sector Agrario. Ii Jornadas De Urdaibai Sobre Desarrollo Sostenible, 63-80.
Fao, Unesco & Isric, 1991. Mapa Mundial De Suelos, Leyenda Revisada. Informe Sobre El Recurso Mundial Del Suelo 60., Trad. Por Carballas, Macías, Díaz, Carballas Y Fernández. Sociedad Española De La Ciencia Del Suelo, Santiago De Compostela, España.
Farnsworth, K.L. & Milliman, J.D., 2003. Effects Of Climatic And Anthropogenic Change On Small Mountainous Rivers: The Salinas River Example. Global And Planetary Change, 39: 53-64. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00017-1
Gippel, C.J., 1989. The Use Of Turbidimeters In Suspended Sediment Research. Hydrobiologia, 176/177: 465-480. doi:10.1007/BF00026582
Holeman, J.N., 1967. The Sediment Yield Of Major Rivers Of The World. Water Resources Research, 4 (4): 737-747. doi:10.1029/WR004i004p00737
House, W.A., Leach, D., Long, J.L.A., Cranwell, P., Bharwaj, L., Meharg, A., Ryland, G., Orr, D.O. & Wright, J., 1997. Microorganic Compounds In The Humber Rivers. Science Of The Total Environment, 194/195: 357-373. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(96)05375-2
Jansson, M.B., 2002. Determining Sediment Source Areas In A Tropical River Basin, Costa Rica. Catena, 47: 63-84. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00173-4
Knighton, D., 1998. Fluvial Forms And Processes: A New Perspective. Ed: Arnold, 386 P, London.
Laignel, B., Dupuis, E., Durand, A., Dupont, J.P. Hauchard, E. & Massei, N., 2006. Erosion Balance In The Watersheds Of The Western Paris Basin By High Frecuency Monitoring Of Discharge And Suspended Sediment In Surface Water. C.R. Geoscience, 338: 556-564. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2006.03.010
Lenzi, M.A. & Marchi, L., 2000. Suspended Sediment Load During Floods In A Small Stream Of The Dolomites (Northeastern Italy). Catena, 39: 267-282. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00079-5
Lewis, J., 1996. Turbidity-Controlled Suspended Sediment Sampling For Runoff-Event Load Estimation. Water Resources Research, 32(7): 2299-2310. doi:10.1029/96WR00991
Llorens, P., Queralt, I., Plana, F. & Gallart, F., 1997. Studying Solute And Particulate Sediment Transfer In A Small Mediterranean Mountainous Catchment Subject To Land Abandonment. Earth Surface Processes And Landforms, 22: 1027-1035. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199711)22:11<1027::AID-ESP799>3.0.CO;2-1
Maneux, E., Dumas, J., Clement, O., Etcheber, H., Charritton, X., Etchart, J., Veyssy, E. & Rimmelin, P., 1999. Assessment Of Suspended Matter Input Into The Oceans By Small Mountainous Coastal Rivers: The Case Of The Bay Of Biscay. Earth And Planetary Sciences, 329: 413- 420.
Milliman, J.D. & Meade, R.H., 1983. World Wide Delivery Of River Sediment To Oceans. Journal Of Geology, 91: 1-21. doi:10.1086/628741
Milliman, J.D. & Syvitski, J.P.M., 1992. Geomorphic/Tectonic Control Of Sediment Discharge To The Ocean: The Importance Of Small Mountainous Rivers. Journal Of Geology, 100: 525-544. doi:10.1086/629606
Picouet, C., Hingray B. & Olivry, J.C., 2001. Empirical And Conceptual Modelling Of The Suspended Sediment Dynamics In A Large Tropical African River: The Upper Niger River Basin. Journal Of Hydrology, 250: 19-39. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00407-3
Schumm, S.A., 1977. The Fluvial System. Wiley Interscience, 338 P, New York. Seeger M., Errea M.-P., Beguería S., Arnáez J., Martí C. & García Ruiz J.M., 2004. Catchment Soil Moisture And Rainfall Characteristics As Determinant Factors For Discharge/Suspended Sediment Hysteretic Loops In A Small Headwater Catchment In The Spanish Pyrenees. Journal Of Hydrology, 288: 299-311.
Sichingabula, H.M., 1998. Factors Controlling Variations In Suspended Sediment Concentration For Single-Valued Sediment Rating Curves, Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Hydrological Processes, 12: 1869-1894. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19981015)12:12<1869::AID-HYP648>3.0.CO;2-G
Sun, H., Cornish, P.S. & Daniell, T.M., 2001. Turbidity-Based Erosion Estimation In A Catchment In South Australia. Journal Of Hydrology, 253: 227- 238. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00475-9
Uriarte, A., 1998. Sediment Dynamics On The Inner Continental Shelf Of The Basque Country (N. Spain). Department Of Oceanography. Sciences Faculty. University Of Southampton. Tesis Doctoral. 302 P.
Walling, D.E., Russell, M.A. & Webb, B.W., 2001. Controls On The Nutrient Content Of Suspended Sediment Transported By British Rivers. Science Of The Total Environment, 266: 113-123. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00746-4
Wass, P.D. & Leeks, J.L., 1999. Suspended Sediment Fluxes In The Humber Catchment, Uk Hydrological Processes, 13: 935-953. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199905)13:7<935::AID-HYP783>3.0.CO;2-L
Williams, G.P., 1989. Sediment Concentration Versus Water Discharge During Single Hydrologic Events In Rivers. Journal Of Hydrology, 111: 89-106. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(89)90254-0
Zabaleta A., 2008. Análisis De La Respuesta Hidrosedimentaria En Pequeñas Cuencas De Gipuzkoa. Tesis Doctoral. Upv-Ehu. Dpto. Geodinámica: 252 Pp., Anexos Y Cd.
Zabaleta A., Martínez M., Uriarte J. & Antigüedad I., 2006. Sediment Source Variability As Origin Of Uncertainties In Sediment Yield Estimation (Aixola Catchment, Basque Country). In: Pfister L., Matgen P., Van Den Bos R. And Hoffman L. (Eds), Uncertainties In The ‘Monitoringconceptualization- Modelling’ Sequence Of Catchment Research. Abstract Book Of The Erb Conference, Luxemburg: 27-28.
Zabaleta A., Martínez M., Uriarte J. & Antigüedad I., 2007. Factors Controlling Suspended Sediment Yield During Runoff Events In Small Headwater Catchments Of The Basque Country. Catena, 71: 179-190. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2006.06.007
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
