Visitors to Alt Pirineu Natural Park and the practice of recreational and sports activities. A segmentation proposal

Authors

  • E. I. Farías Consultoría Socioambiental Ecogestión (Lleida) - GISEAFE Afores
  • S. Monserrat HE Sport Management- Loughborough College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2014.169005

Keywords:

Recreational and sports activities, visitor segmentation, protected natural areas

Abstract


In recent years there has been a large increase in the practice of recreational and sports activities in protected natural areas. As part of the planning and management of public use of these areas, is essential to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the visitors. This study analyzes the characteristics of the different segments of visitors to Alt Pirineu Natural Park based on recreational and sports activities practiced. For this study, 1.600 surveys were conducted in 16 sampling points over a calendar year between the months of July 2010 and June 2011. In total we identified eight segments of visitors based on physical activity: walkers, recreational hikers, hikers, mountaineer, cyclists, mushroom picker, off road driver and skier. The results obtained here are discussed in terms of their possible applicability in the management of public use of this park and other protected natural areas and also for the development of management strategies and awareness campaigns aimed at different segments of visitors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

EURO PARC-ESPAÑA, 2008. Anuario Europarc-España del estado de los espacios naturales protegidos 2007 [Europarc-Spain Yearbook: The status of Protected Natural Areas 2007]. Madrid: Fundación Fernando González Bernáldez, Madrid, 143 pp. Disponible en: http:/www.redeuroparc.org/documentos_anexos/Publicaciones/Anuario/anuario2007.pdf

Farías, E.I., 2000. El aprovechamiento recreativo, deportivo y turístico de los espacios naturales protegidos. Modelos de Frecuentación. El caso del Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici. [Recreation, sport and tourism leveraging of protected natural areas. Frequentation models. The case of the Parc National d'Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici]. Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya. Universitat de Lleida, Lleida. Disponible en: TDX http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8061

Farías, E.I., Grau, H.R. & Camps, A., 2005. Trail preferences and visitor characteristics in Aigu.estortes i Estany Sant Maurici National Park, Spain. Mountain Research and Development, 25(1): 51-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0051:TPAVCI]2.0.CO;2

Farías, E.I., Tisone, J., Hernandez, M.E., Vila, G., Segarra, G. & Sala, E., 2010. Uso recreativo, deportivo y turístico de la Sierra de San Javier. Bases para su planificación. En: Grau, H. R (Ed.) Ecología regional de una interface natural-urbana. EDUNET, pp 191-214. ISBN 978-987-1366-70-S

Farías, E.I., 2011a. Managing for recreational experiencies opportunities: the case of hikers in protected areas in Catalonia, Spain. Environmental Management, 47 (3): 482-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9606-z PMid:21327562

Farías, E.I., 2011b. Estudi sobre l’afluència i caracterització dels visitantes al Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu [Visitors flows and characterization of people at the Natural Park of the High Pyrenees]. Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Medi Ambient. Disponible: http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/parcsnaturals/menuitem.cca3e077efe101130161fea3b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=9982280f35f42210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=9982280f35f42210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall&contentid=9b1ab12c6d3e6310VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD

Frochot, I., 2005. A benefit segmentation on tourists in rural areas: a Scottish perspective. Tourism Management, 26: 335-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.016

Gómez-Limón, F.J., 1996. Uso recreativo de los Espacios Naturales. Frecuentación, factores explicativos e impactos asociados. El caso de la comunidad de Madrid. Tesis Doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. ISBN: 84-89198-23-3

Gómez-Limón, F. J., Medina, L., Atance, I. & Garrido, A., 2002. Los visitantes de la comarca de Doñana. Fundación Fernando González Bernáldez. Europarc-Espa-a. Disponible en: http://www.conozcadonana.com/arch_var/monografico4.pdf

Gruber, G. & Benayas, J., 2002. Diagnóstico de los planes de uso público en los espacios naturales protegidos espa-oles. La investigación y el seguimiento en los espacios naturales protegidos del siglo XXI. Diputación de Barcelona. Barcelona. ISBN: 84-7794-884-4

Hockings, M., Stolton, S. & Dudley, N., 2002. Evaluating Efectivess. A summary for park managers and policy makers. Universitat de Queensland. UICN. Australia. Disponible en: http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/NISL/Conservation%20Biology/Fifth_World_Parks_congress_Durban_2003/stream%20outputs/Background%20Documents/EME%20Summary%20Paper.pdf

Kotler, P., 1994. Marketing management. Analysis, planning, implementation, and control. New Yersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN: 10:0137228511

Kuentzel, W.F. & Heberlein, T.A., 1992. Does specialization affect behavioural choices and quality judgments among hunters? Leisure Sciences: an Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(3): 211-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490409209513169

Leung, Y.F. & Marion, J.L., 1996. Trail degradation as influenced by environmental factors: a state-of-the-knowledge review. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 51 (2): 130-136.

Leung, Y.F. & Marion, J.L., 2000. Recreation impacts and management in wilderness: A state of knowledge review. En: Cole, D.N., McCool, S.F., Borrie, W.T. & O'Loughlin, J., (Eds.) Wilderness Science in a Time of Change: Vol. 5. Wilderness Ecosystems, Threats, and Management (pp. 23–48). Ogden, US: USDA Forest Service. Disponible en: http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p015_1.pdf

Lynn, N.A. & Brown, R.D., 2003. Effects of recreational use impacts on hiking experiences in natural areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 64: 77-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00202-5

Marion, J.L., 2006. Assessing and understanding trail degradation: results from Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area. USDA: National Park Service.

McÇoll, S.F. & Reilly, M., 1993. Benefit segmentation analysis of state Park visitor setting preferences and behavior. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 1-14. Disponible en: CAB direct http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19941806012.html

Merrill, K. & Graefe, A., 1998. The relationship between activity specialization and preferences for setting and route attributes of selected rock climbers. En Vogelsong, H. G. (Ed) Proceedings of the 1997 Northeastern Recreational Research Symposium (pp. 40–43). Radnor, US: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Disponible en: http://www.esf.edu/nerr/past/1997.pdf

Mowen, A.J., Trauntvein, N.E., Graefe, A.R. & Son, J.S., 2012. The influence of visitor characteristics on state park physical activity levels. Journal of park and Recreation Administration, 30 (2).

Múgica, M., 1993. Modelos de demanda paisajística y uso recreativo de los espacios naturales [Lanscape demand models and recreational use of natural areas]. PhD thesis. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. ISBN 84-89198-15-S

Muñoz, M., 2008. Evaluación y financiación del uso público en espacios naturales protegidos. El caso de la Red Espa-ola de Parques Nacionales. [Assessment and funding of public use in protected areas. The case of the Spanish Network of National Parks] PhD thesis. Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.

Newsome, D., More, S.A. & Dowling, R.D., 2002. Aspects of tourism. Natural area tourism. Ecology, impacts and management. Channel view publications. ISBN: 1-853150-25-3 (hbk)

National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA), 1992a. Visitor Impact Management. A review of research. Volume one. USDA: National Park Service.

National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA), 1992b. Visitor Impact Management. The planning. Volume two. USDA: National Park Service.

Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN), 2011. La red de parques naciones en la sociedad. Estudio Explicativo sobre la percepción social de la Red de Parques Nacionales. Cuadernos de la Red de Parques Nacionales. 71 pp. ISBN: 978-84-8014-811-5

Pickering, C.M., Hill, W., Newsome, D., Leung, Y. F., 2010. Comparing hiking, mountain biking and horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and the United States of America. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 551–562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.025 PMid:19864052

Pouta, E., Sievänen, T., Neuvonen, M., 2004. Profiling recreational users of national parks, national hiking areas and wilderness areas in Finland. En: Sievänen, T., Erkkonen, J., Jokimäki, J., Saarinen, J., Tuulentie, S. & Virtanen, E. (Eds.). Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas. (pp. 357-364). Rovaniemi, Finland: Työraportteja. Disponible en: http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2004/mwp002.htm

Priskin, J., 2003. Tourist perceptions of degradation caused by coastal nature-based recreation. Environmental Management, 32 (2): 189-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2916-z PMid:14753645

Rollins, R.B. & Rouse, J., 1992. Segmenting backcountry visitors by setting preferences. En: Willison, J.H.M., Bondrup-Nielsen, S.; Drysdale, C., Herman, T.B., Munro, N.W.P., & Pollock, T.L. Science and the management of protected areas (pp. 485–497). New York: Acadia University, Elsevier. ISBN: 0444-89163-3

Schmitz, M.F., Aranzabal, I. & Pineda, F.D., 2007. Spatial analysis of visitor preferences in the outdoor recreational niche of Mediterranean cultural landscape. Environmental Conservation, 34: 300-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892907004249

Schuett, M.A. & Pierskalla, C.D., 2007. Managing for desired experiences and site preferences: The case of fee-fishing anglers. Environmental Management, 39(2): 164-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0366-0 PMid:17160510

Schreyer, R., 1982. Experience level affects expectations for recreation participation. En: Lime, D.W. (Ed.) Forest and river recreation: Research Update. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota.

Siegel, S. & Castellan, N. J., 1988. Non-parametric statistics for the behavioural sciences. 2nd ed. Mc Grau-Hill, New York. 399 pp. ISBN: 13 978-0070573574

Thurston, E. & Reader, R.J., 2001. Impacts of experimentally applied mountain biking and hiking on vegetation and soil of a deciduous forest. Environmental Management, 27: 397-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010157 PMid:11148765

Virden, R.J. & Schreyer, R., 1988. Recreation specialization as an indicator of environmental preference. Environmental and Behaviour, 20(6): 721-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916588206004

Wall Reinius, S. & Fredman, P., 2007. Protected areas as attractions. Annual of Tourism Research, 34 (4): 839–854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.011

Wallace, G.N. & Smith, M.D., 1997. A comparison of motivations, preferred management actions, and setting preferences. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 15: 59-82. Disponible en: Journals http://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra/article/view/1698

Wenjun, L., Xiadong, G.E. & Chunyan, L., 2005. Hiking trails and tourism impact assessment in protected area: Jiuzhaigou biosphere Reserve, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 108: 279-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4327-0 PMid:16160792

White, D.D., Waskey, M.T., Brodehl, G.P. & Foti, P.E., 2006. A comparative study of impacts to mountain bike trails in five common ecological regions of the south-western U.S. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 24(2): 21-41. Disponible en: http://imba.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/white_et_al_study.pdf

Wilson, J.P. & Seney, J.P., 1994. Erosional impacts of hikers, horses, motors cycles, and off-road bicycles on mountain trails in Montana. Mountain Research and Development, 14: 77–88. Disponible en: http://132.198.101.197/~snrvtdc/trails/erosionalimpactofhikers.pdf

Woratschek, H., Hannich, F.M. & Ritchie, B., 2007. Motivations of physicals tourists – an empirical analysis in several European rock climbing regions. Disponible en: Universität Bayreuth Aktuell http://www.fiwi.uni-bayreuth.de/de/download/WP_02-07.pdf

Published

2014-12-30

How to Cite

Farías, E. I., & Monserrat, S. (2014). Visitors to Alt Pirineu Natural Park and the practice of recreational and sports activities. A segmentation proposal. Pirineos, 169, e005. https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2014.169005

Issue

Section

Articles