La Montología Global 4D: Hacia las Ciencias Convergentes y Transdisciplinarias de Montaña a través del Tiempo y el Espacio

Fausto O. Sarmiento; Andreas Haller; Carla Marchant; Masahito Yoshida; David S. Leigh; Kyle Woosnam; David F. Porinchu; Kamal Gandhi; Elizabeth G. King; Mattia Pistone; Andanam Kavoori; Jon Calabria; Irasema Alcántara-Ayala; Renato Chávez; Alexey Gunya; Alden Yépez; Sungkyung Lee; James Reap

doi:10.3989/pirineos.2023.178001

Autores/as

Fausto O. Sarmiento Neotropical Montology Collaboratory (NMC), Department of Geography, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-6020
Andreas Haller Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-1108
Carla Marchant Institute of Environment and Evolution, Lab T, Austral University of Chile (UAC) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-8372
Masahito Yoshida World Heritage Studies, Certificate Program on Nature Conservation, University of Tsukuba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-2640
David S. Leigh Geomorphology Quaternary Laboratory, Department of Geography, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-1035
Kyle Woosnam Natural Resources, Warnell School of Forest Science and Natural Resources, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-1240
David F. Porinchu Environmental Change Laboratory, Department of Geography, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-3082
Kamal Gandhi Forest Entomology, Warnell School of Forest Science and Natural Resources, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5859
Elizabeth G. King Center for Integrative Conservation Research, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-4683
Mattia Pistone Magma Mia Laboratory of Petrology and Volcanology, Department of Geology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-3146
Andanam Kavoori Environmental Communication, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-207X
Jon Calabria Landscape Architecture, College of Environment & Design, University of Georgia (UGA). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3181-4117
Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Institute of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-1201
Renato Chávez Faculty of Natural Resources. Polytechnic Superior School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-3072
Alexey Gunya Mountain Research Center, Institute of Geography (IGRAS), Russian Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-1592
Alden Yépez Archaeology Lab, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-7146
Sungkyung Lee Landscape Architecture, College of Environment & Design, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-0615
James Reap Historic Preservation, College of Environment & Design, University of Georgia (UGA) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-0332

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2023.178001

Palabras clave:

Montología, consiliencia, noética, geocriticismo, paisajes montañosos sensibles, ciencia convergente de montaña, transdisciplinariedad

Resumen

La utilización de los estudios de montaña requiere de narrativas integradoras para la geoalfabetización sobre paisajes socioecológicos productivos y motiva más investigaciones transdisciplinares en el campo de la montología. Concebimos este artículo como la confluencia de la experiencia individual y el razonamiento colectivo hacia la formación de grupos de investigación sinérgicos que se ocupan de la ciencia de montaña convergente, para hacer avanzar la montología a un nuevo nivel, mediante el cual el pensamiento innovador sobre la ciencia de la sustentabilidad y el desarrollo regenerativo incorpora propuestas alternativas para el mantenimiento, la mejora, o regeneración de las condiciones de vida de los paisajes de montaña. Buscamos utilizar este marco contemporáneo de sustentabilidad y restauración ecológica como el ímpetu para comprender mejor las relaciones de la naturaleza y la cultura, desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, en montañas habitadas que operan en cuatro dimensiones (largo, ancho, alto y tiempo). El artículo está orientado a potenciar la transversalidad de temáticas en torno a las montañas como sistemas socioecológicos productivos, en una nueva disciplina académica institucionalizada y convergente. Concluimos con un llamado a un desarrollo regenerativo, sustentable y consiliente en las montañas del mundo.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Adler, C., Bhatt, I., Huggel, C., Muccione, V., Prakash, A., Alcántara-Ayala, I., Allen, S.K., Bader, M., Bigler, S., Camac, J., Chakraborty, R., Cuni Sanchez, A., Cuvi, N., Drenkhan, F., Hussain, A., Maharjan, A., Marchant, R., McDowell, G., Morin, S., Niggli, L., Ochoa, A., Pandey, A., Postigo, J., Razanatsoa, E., Rudloff, V.M., Scott, C., Madison, S., Stone, D., Thorn, J., Thornton, J., Viviroli, D. & Werners, S., 2022. IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report Cross-Chapter Paper 5: Mountains.

Alcántara-Ayala, I., Pasuto, A. & Cui, P., 2022a. Disaster risk reduction in mountain areas: an initial overview on seeking pathways to global sustainability. Journal of Mountain Science, 19(6): 1838-1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7468-5 PMid:35789947 PMCid:PMC9243864

Alcántara-Ayala, I., Cui, P. & Pasuto, A., 2022b. Disaster risk reduction in mountain areas: a research overview. Journal of Mountain Science 19(6):1487-1494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7487-2 PMid:35789949 PMCid:PMC9244576

Allen, N.J., Knapp, G.W. & Stadel, C. (eds). 1988. Human impact on mountains. Rowman & Littlefield.

Annan-Diab, F. & Molinari, C., 2017. Interdisciplinarity: Practical approach to advancing education for sustainability and for the Sustainable Development Goals. The International Journal of Management Education, 15(2): 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2017.03.006

Avriel-Avni, N. & Dick, J., 2019. Differing perceptions of socio-ecological systems: Insights for future trans- disciplinary research. Advances in Ecological Research, 60: 153-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.03.001

Baer. H. & Singer, M., 2014. The anthropology of climate change: An integrated critical perspective. Advances in Climate Change Research. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315818702

Balée, W. & Erikson C.L., 2006. Time and complexity in historical ecology: Studies in the neotropical lowlands. Columbia University Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.7312/bale13562

Bandyopadhyay, J. & Perveen, S., 2004. Moving the mountains up in the global environmental agenda. OP-CDEP 3. Center for Development and Environment Policy (CDEP). Calcutta: Indian Institute of Management.

Bernbaum, E., 2022a. The spiritual and cultural importance of mountains. Pp. 213-224. In: Sarmiento, F.O. (Ed). Montology Palimspest: A Primer of Mountain Geography. Springer-Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13298-8_12

Bernbaum, E., 2022b. Sacred Mountains of the World. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. UK. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108873307

Bernstein, J.H., 2015. Transdisciplinarity: A review of its origins, development, and current issues. Journal of Research Practice 11(1): Article R1.

Bogucka, E.P. & Jahnke, M., 2017. Space-Time Cube: A visualization tool for landscape changes. Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, 67: 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03544601

Boillat, S., 2020. Decolonizing ecological knowledge: transdisciplinary ecology, place making and cognitive justice in the Andes. In: Sarmiento, F.O. & L.M. Frolich (Eds). The Elgar companion to geography, transdisciplinarity and sustainability (pp. 307-319). Edward Elgar Publishing. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430106.00028

Borsdorf, A. & Stadel, C., 2015. The Andes: A geographical portrait. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03530-7 PMid:26256920

Boscoboinik, A., 2018. Becoming cities, losing paradise? Gentrification in the Swiss Alps. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Urban Ethnography. pp. 519-536. Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64289-5_29

Botkin, D.B., 1990. Discordant harmonies: a new ecology for the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press.

Bradley, S., 2014. Design principles: Visual perception and the principles of Gestalt. Smashing Magazine. March 28.

Branca, D. & Haller, A., 2021. Urbanization, Touristification and Verticality in the Andes: A Profile of Huaraz, Peru. Sustainability, 13(11): 6438. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116438

Carey, M., 2010. In the shadow of melting glaciers: Climate change and Andean society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.001.0001

Castree, N., 2017. Unfree radicals: Geoscientists, the Anthropocene, and left politics. Antipode, 49(S1): 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12187

Chakraborty, A. 2021. Mountains as vulnerable places: a global synthesis of changing mountain systems in the Anthropocene. GeoJournal, 86: 585-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10079-1

Chakraborty, A., 2022. Relationship between Natural Disturbance Regimes and Landscape Diversity in Mountain Regions and Lessons for Nature Conservation. In: Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers AJG.

Cheddadi, R., Henrot, A., François, L., Boyer, F., Bush, M., Carré M., Coissac, E., de Oliveira, P., Ficetola, F., Hambuckers, A., Huang K., Lezine, A.M., Nourelbait, M., Rhoujjati, A., Taberlet,P., Sarmiento, F.O., Abel-Sschaad,, D., Alba-Sánmchez, F. & Zheng, Z., 2017. Microrefugia, climate change, and conservation of Cedrus atlantica in the Rif Mountains, Morocco. Frontiers of Ecology and Evolution, 5(114): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00114

Conzo, D.M., 2022. Reclaiming the future through small-scale agrioculture: autonomy and sustainability in the Caribbean. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Debarbieux, B., 2008. Le montagnard: imaginaires de la territorialité et invention d'un type humain. Annales de Géographie, 660: 90-115. https://doi.org/10.3917/ag.660.0090

Debarbieux, B. & Rudaz, G., 2010. Les faiseurs de montagne. Paris: CNRS-Editions

Debarbieux, B. & Rudaz, G., 2015. The mountain: A political history from the Enlightenment to the present. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226031255.001.0001

De la Cadena, M., 2015. Earth beings: Ecologies of practice across Andean worlds. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478093626

Descola, P., 2013. Beyond Nature and Culture. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226145006.001.0001

Dovjak, M., Kukec, A., 2019. Health outcomes related to built environments. In: Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3

Dunlap, R.E. & Van Liere, K.D., 1978. The "new environmental paradigm". The Journal of Environmental Education, 9(4): 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875

Dunlap, R.E., Van Liere, K.D., Mertig, A.G. & Jones, R.E., 2000. New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3): 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176

Edelson, D.C., 2011. Geoliteracy. National Geographic Education. March 25 (revised May 28, 2014).

Eibach, J. & Haller, T., 2021. Pioneering political ecology: perceptions of nature, Indigenous practices and power relations during Alexander von Humboldt's travels in Latin America. Journal of Political Ecology, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.2458/jpe.3028

Ellen, R. & Fukui, K., eds. 2021. Redefining nature: ecology, culture and domestication. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003135746

Eriksen, T.H., 2016. Overheating: An Anthropology of Accelerated Change. PlutoPress, London. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cc2mxj

Escobar, F., Branca, D. & Haller, A., 2020. Investigación de montaña sobre y para la región andina. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 22(4): 311-312. https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.191

Fabian, J., 2014. Time and the Other. Columbia University Press, NY. https://doi.org/10.7312/fabi16926

Fairclough, S., 1982. The Mountain Environment Collection of M.I.T.'s Dewey Library and Associated Bibliographies. Manuscript.

FAO, 2018. Día Internacional de las Montañas. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación http://www.fao.org/3/CA2244ES/ca2244es.pdf.

Foggin, J.M., Brombal, D. & Razmkhah, A., 2021. Thinking like a mountain: Exploring the potential of relational approaches for transformative nature conservation. Sustainability, 13(22): 12884. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212884

Forman, R.T., 1990. The beginnings of landscape ecology in America. In Changing landscapes: An ecological perspective Pp. 35-41. New York, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_3

Forman, R. & Godron, R. 1984. Landscape ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Franco, F.M., 2022. Ecocultural or biocultural? Towards appropriate terminologies in biocultural diversity. Biology, 11(2): 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020207 PMid:35205074 PMCid:PMC8869769

Frolich, L.M., Guevara, E. & Sarmiento, F.O., 2020. Introduction: the scale of sustainability-the limiting universe where everything and nothing is sustainable. In: Sarmiento, F.O. & L.M. Frolich (Eds). Elgar Companion of Geography, Transdisciplinarity and Sustainability. Edward Elgar Publishers. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430106.00005

Fúnez-Flores, J.I., Díaz Beltrán, A.C. & Jupp, J., 2022. Decolonial discourses and practices: Geopolitical contexts, intellectual genealogies, and situated pedagogies. Educational Studies, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2022.2132393

Gade, D.W., 2011. Curiosity, Inquiry and the Geographical Imagination. Peter Lang Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-0789-4

Gade, D.W., 2015. Spell of the Urubamba: anthropogeographical essays on an Andean valley in space and time. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20849-7

García-Ruiz, J. M., López-Moreno, J. I., Lasanta, T., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., González-Sampériz, P., Valero-Garcés, B. L., Sanjuán, Y., Beguería, S., Nadal-Romero, E., Lana-Renault, N. & Gómez-Villar, A., 2015. Los efectos geoecológicos del cambio global en el Pirineo Central español: una revisión a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales. Pirineos, 170: e012. https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2015.170005

Gibbes, C., Hoplins, A.L., Inurreta Días, A. & Jiménez-Osorio, J. 2020. Defining and measuring sustainability: A systematic review of studies in rural Latin America and the Caribbean. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22: 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0209-9

Gose, P., 2018. The semi-social mountain: Metapersonhood and political ontology in the Andes. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 8(3): 488-505. https://doi.org/10.1086/701067

Gradstein, S.R. & Homeier, J., 2010. Tropical mountain forest: patterns and processes in a biodiversity hotspot. The University of Akron Press.

Gregory, D., 1994. Geographical imaginations. Oxford: Blackwell.

GTZ. 1974. Münchener Konferenzbericht, 1: 186. Munich: GTZ.

Grover, V.I., Borsdorf, A., Breuste, J., Tiwari, P.C. & Frangetto, F.W. eds., 2014. Impact of global changes on mountains: responses and adaptation. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17963

Hadorn, G.H., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W., Joye, D., Pohl, C., Wiesmann, U. & Zemp, E. (eds). 2008. Handbook of transdisciplinary research. Vol. 10. Zurich, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6699-3 PMCid:PMC2626581

Haller, A. & Branca, D., 2020. Montología: una perspectiva de montaña hacia la investigación transdisciplinaria y el desarrollo sustentable. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 22(4): 313-322. https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.193

Hamilton, L.S. & Hurni, H., 2003. Mountain Sustainable Development. Editorial. Mountain Research and Development, 23(3): 211. https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0211:E]2.0.CO;2

Hansson, D., 2012. Unpacking Spinoza: Sustainability education outside of the Cartesian box. Journal of Sustainability Education, 3: 1-17.

Hartog, F., 2015. Regimes of Historicity. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/hart16376

Haslett, J.R., 1998. A new science: Montology. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 7: 228-229. https://doi.org/10.2307/2997385

Henderson, J. & Wang, H., 2005. Aspects of the rural-urban transformation of countries. Journal of Economic Geography, 5: 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlecg/lbh052

Hommes, L., Boelens, R., Harris, L. & Veldwisch, J., 2019. Rural-urban water struggles: urbanizing hydrosocial territories and evolving connections, discourses, identities. Water International, 44(2): 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1583311

Hutchinson, G.E., 1957. The multivariate niche. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 22: 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039

Ives, J.D., (ed.). 1980. Geoecology of the Colorado Front Range: A study of Alpine and Subalpine environments. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Ives, J.D., 2005. Himalayan misconceptions and distortions. What are the facts? Himalayan Journal of Science, 3(5): 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v3i5.457

Ives, J.D., 2013. Sustainable mountain development: Getting the facts right. Lalitpour, Nepal: Himalayan Association for the Advancement of Science.

Ives, J.D. & Messerli, B., 1989. The Himalayan dilemma: Reconciling development and conservation. London: Routledge.

Ives, J.D., Messerli, B. & Sarmiento, F.O., 2016. Obituary for a mountain champion: Lawrence Hamilton, 1925-2016. Mountain Research and Development, 36(4): 569-570. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00obit.1

Jodha, N.S., 2003. La Agricultura de Montaña, pp 403-428. In: F.O. Sarmiento (ed.) Montañas del Mundo: Una Prioridad Global con Perspecitvas Latinoamericanas. Quito: CEPEIGE. Ediciones Abya-Yala.

Johnson, I.L., Lin, Y., Li, T.J.J., Hall, A., Halfaker, A., Schöning, J. & Hecht, B., 2016. Not at home on the range: Peer production and the urban/rural divide. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 13-25). https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858123

Kapos, V., Rhind, J., Edwards, M., Price, M. & Ravilious, C., 2000. Developing a map of the world's mountain forests. In: M.F. Price & N. Butt (Eds.), Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: A State-of-Knowledge Report for 2000 (pp. 4-9). CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004

Kirkpatrick, J.J., 2007. Making war to keep peace. Harper Collins Publishers, New York.

Klein, J.T., 2008. Evaluation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research: A literature review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 35(2): S116-S123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.010 PMid:18619391

Klein, J.A., Tucker C.M., Nolin A. W., Hopkin K.A., Reid R.S., Steger, C. et al., 2019. Catalyzing transformations to sustainability in the world's mountains. Earth's Future, 7: 547-557. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001024

Kong, I. & Sarmiento, F.O., 2022. Utilizing a crowdsourced phrasal lexicon to identify cultural ecosystem services in El Cajas National Park, Ecuador. Ecosystem Services, 56: 101441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101441

Körner, C., 2004. Mountain biodiversity, its causes and function. AMBIO, Journal of the Human Environment, 33(13): 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/0044-7447-33.sp13.11

Kramnick, J., 2017. The interdisciplinary fallacy. Representations, 140: 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2017.140.1.67

Kramnick, J., 2018. The interdisciplinary delusion: saving disciplines is the only way to save ourselves. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 65(9).

Lang, D.J., Wiek, A., Bergmann, M., Stauffacher, M., Martens, P., Moll, P. & Thomas, C.J., 2012. Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: practice, principles, and challenges. Sustainability Science, 7(1): 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0149-x

Lewis, M.W. & Wigen, K., 1997. The myth of continents: A critique of metageography. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Lima, M., 2013. The book of trees: Visualizing branches of knowledge. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Lomas, T., 2018. Experiential cartography and the significance of "untranslatable" words. Theory & Psychology, 28(4): 476-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354318772914

MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O., 2001. The theory of island biogeography. In: The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400881376

Maddison, D., Rehdanz, K. & Welsch, H., eds., 2020. Handbook on Wellbeing, Happiness and the Environment. Edward Elgar Publishing. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788119344

Mahat, T.J. & Boom, D., 2008. Concept note 13. E-conference on "Overcoming fragmentation in mountain research and development. Is montology an answer?" Manuscript submitted to FAO's international mountain conference. ICIMOD.

Mainali, K. & Sicroff, S. (eds). 2016. Jack D. Ives, Montologist: Festschrift for a mountain advocate. Lalitpour, Nepal: Himalayan Asociation for the Advancement of Science.

Massey, D., 1999. Space-time, "science" and the relationship between physical geography and human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24(3): 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x

Messerli, B. & Ives, J.D., (eds). 1997. Mountains of the world: A global priority. New York: Parthenon.

Moss, L.A., (ed.). 2006. The amenity migrants. Seeking and sustaining mountains and their cultures. Cambridge, MA: Wallingford. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851990842.0000

Müller, E., 2020. Regenerative development as natural solution to sustainability. In: Sarmiento, F.O. and L. Frolich (eds). Elgar Companion to Geography, Transdisciplinarity and Sustainability. Edward Elgar Publisher, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430106.00021

Myster, R., (in press). Ecological Gradients. Springer-Nature/Switzerland.

Nanshan, A., 1998. My perspective on montology. Journal of Mountain Research, 16: 1-2.

Naveh, Z., 2000. The Total Human Ecosystem: Integrating Ecology and Economics. BioScience, 50(4): 357-361 https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0357:TTHEIE]2.3.CO;2

Naveh, Z., 2005. Epilogue: Toward a Transdisciplinary Science of Ecological and Cultural Landscape Restoration. Restoration Ecology, 13(1): 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00028.x

Naveh, Z., 2007. Transdisciplinary challenges in landscape ecology and restoration ecology - An Anthology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9171-x

Naveh, Z. & Liebermann, A., 1984. Landscape ecology: Theory and application. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Naveh, Z., Lieberman, A., Sarmiento, F.O. & Ghersa, C., 2002. Ecología de Paisajes. Teoría y Aplicación. Edición de estudiantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, EUDEBA.

Needleman, J., 1993. Questions of the heart. Noetic Sciences Review, 26: 4-9.

Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Rumpf, S.B., Linder, H.P. & Schneeweiss, G.M., 2018. Hotspots within a global biodiversity hotspot-areas of endemism are associated with high mountain ranges. Nature-Scientific reports, 8(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28504-9 PMid:29985437 PMCid:PMC6037708

Odum, E.P. & Sarmiento, F.O., 1998. Ecología: El Puente entre ciencia y sociedad. Editorial McGraw Hill/Interamericana de Mexico. Mexico, DF.

Padoan, T., 2021. On the semiotics of space in the study of religions: Theoretical perspectives and methodological challenges. In: Sign, Method, and the Sacred: New Directions in Semiotic Methodologies for the Study of Religion (pp. 189-214). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110694925-012

Painter, J., 2008. Cartographic anxiety and the search for regionality. Environmental and Planning A, 40: 342-361. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38255

Pallister-Wilkins, P., 2022. Whitescapes: A posthumanist political ecology of Alpine migrant (im) mobility. Political Geography, 92: 102517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102517

Pandian, A., 2014. Thinking like a mountain. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4(2): 245-252. https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4.2.012

Pasini, R., 2022. A Dialectics of Ecology and Design in the Reform of Contemporary Landscapes. Sustainability, 14(10): p.6217. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106217

Perlik, M., 2019. The Spatial and Economic Transformation of Mountain Regions: Landscapes as Commodities. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315768366

Piaget, J., 1972. The epistemology of interdisciplinary relationships, pp. 127-139. In: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) (ed.) Interdisciplinarity: Problems of teaching and research in universities. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Polk, M., 2014. Achieving the promise of transdisciplinarity: A critical exploration of the relationship between transdisciplinary research and societal problem solving. Sustainability Science, 9(4): 439-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-014-0247-7

Polk, M.H., Young, K.R., Baraer, M., Mark, B.G., McKenzie, J.M., Bury, J. & Carey, M., 2017. Exploring hydrologic connections between tropical mountain wetlands and glacier recession in Peru's Cordillera Blanca. Applied Geography, 78(1): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.11.004

Price, M.F., Byers, A.C., Friend, D.A., Kohler, T. & Price, LW., (eds). 2013. Mountain geography: Physical and human dimensions. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Prieto, E., 2011. Geocriticism, geopoetics, geophilosophy, and beyond, pp. 13-27. In: R.T. Tally Jr. et al. (eds). Geocritical explorations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337930_2 PMid:21398058

Prieto, E., 2016. Geocriticism meets ecocriticism: Bertrand Westphal and environmental thinking, pp. 19-35. In: R.T. Tally Jr. and C.M. Battista (eds) Ecocriticism and geocriticism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137542625_2

Provan, I., 2013. Convenient myths: The axial age, dark green religion, and the world that never was. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.

Rahbek, C., Borregaard, M.K., Antonelli, A., Colwell, R.K., Holt, B.G., Nogues-Bravo, D. & Fjeldså, J., 2019. Building mountain biodiversity: Geological and evolutionary processes. Science, 365(6458): 1114-1119. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0151 PMid:31515384

Resler, L., Sarmiento, F.O., 2016. Mountain geographies. Oxford Bibliographies in Geography. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0129

Rhoades, R.E., 2007. Listening to the mountains. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Roberts, L. & Smyth, E. 2022. A simplified convergence theory for Byzantine resilient stochastic gradient descent. EURO Journal on Computational Optimization, 10: 100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejco.2022.100038

Rozzi, R., Chapin III, F.S., Callicott, J.B., Pickett, S.T., Power, M.E., Armesto, J.J. & May Jr, R.H., eds. 2015. Earth stewardship: linking ecology and ethics in theory and practice (Vol. 2). Springer. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.111956

Santana, F., Monterrubio-Solís, C., Cortés, J., Perasso, P., Valdivieso, G., Vieli, L. & Ibarra, J.T., 2022. Transdisciplina: una propuesta participativa para enfrentar las crisis socio-ambientales por la agricultura familiar campesina. Abstract. Simposio de Etnoecologías transdisciplinares: cultivando redes colectivas para conservar la agrobiodiversidad y fortalecer la soberanía alimentaria. Memorias del VII Congreso Latinoamericano de Etnobiología y XII Congreso Mexicano de Etnobiología, Tlaxcala, Mexico.

Sarmiento, F.O., 1987. Antología Ecológica del Ecuador: desde la selva hasta el mar. Quito, Ecuador: Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana.

Sarmiento, F.O., 1999. To Mount Chimborazo: In the steps of Alexander von Humboldt. Mountain Research and Development, 19(2): 77-78.

Sarmiento, F.O., 2000. Human impacts in man-aged tropandean landscapes: Breaking mountain paradigms. Ambio, 29(7): 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-29.7.423

Sarmiento, F.O., (ed.). 2002. Las Montañas del Mundo: Una Prioridad Global con Perspectivas Latinoamericanas. Quito, Ecuador: Editorial AbyaYala.

Sarmiento, F.O., 2012. Contesting Páramo: Critical Biogeography of the Northern Andean Highlands. Matthews, NC: Kona Publishing, Higher Education Division.

Sarmiento, F.O., 2015. On the antlers of a trilemma: Rediscovering Andean sacred sites, pp. 49-64. In: R. Rozzi, S.T.A. Pickett, J.B. Callicot, F.S.T. Chapin III, M.E. Power, J.J. Armesto (eds) Earth stewardship: Linking ecology and ethics in theory and practice. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12133-8_5

Sarmiento, F.O., 2016a. Neotropical mountains beyond water supply: Environmental services as a trifecta of sustainable mountain development, pp. 309-324. In: G. Greenwood, J. Shroder (eds) Mountain ice and water. New York: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63787-1.00008-1

Sarmiento, F.O., 2016b. Identity, imaginaries and ideality: Understanding the biocultural landscape of the Andes through the iconic Andean lapwing (Vanellus resplendens). Revista Chilena de Ornitología, 22(1): 38-50.

Sarmiento, F.O., 2020. Montology Manifesto: echoes towards a transdisciplinary science of mountains. Journal of Mountain Science, 17(10): 2512-2527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5536-2

Sarmiento, F.O. (Ed), 2022. Montology Palimpsest: A Primer of Mountain Geographies. Springer/Nature-Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13298-8

Sarmiento, F.O., Inaba, N., Iida, Y. & Yoshida, M., 2023. Mountain Graticules: Bridging Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, and Historicity to Biocultural Heritage. Geographies, 3(1): 19-39. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3010002

Sarmiento, F.O., Chávez, R., Aguirre, Ch. & Abrahms, J., 2022a. Desarrollo Sustentable y Regenerativo de los Paisajes Socioecológicos de Montaña: Montología del Chimborazo como Referente Insigne del Cambio Global. Revista Antropologías del Sur, 9(17): 121-145. https://doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v9i17.2316

Sarmiento, F.O., Rodríguez, J. & Yepez-Noboa, A., 2022b. Forest Transformation in the Wake of Colonization: The Quijos Andean-Amazonian Flank, Past and Present. Forests, 13(11): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010011

Sarmiento, F.O. & Sarmiento, E.V., 2021. Flancos Andinos: Paleoecología, Biogeografía Crítica y Ecología Política en los Climas Cambiantes de los Bosques Neotropicales de Montaña. Fondo Editorial. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. UNTRM. Chachapoyas, Perú.

Sarmiento, F.O. & Frolich; L.M., (editors). 2020. The Elgar Companion to Geography, Transdisciplinarity and Sustainability. Edward Elgar Publishing. Glos, UK and Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430106

Sarmiento, F.O., Bush, M.B., Church, W., Van Valkenburgh, P., Oliva, M., Delgado, E., Fernandez, S. & Rojas, N., 2020. Mountain science poised to help ecotourism in Peruvian cloud forests. PAGES, 28(1): 22-23. https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.28.1.22

Sarmiento, F.O., González, J.A., Lavilla, E.O., Donoso, M. & Ibarra, J.T., 2019a. Onomastic misnomers in the construction of faulty Andeanity and week Andeaness: Biocultural Microrefugia in the Andes. Pirineos, 174, e049. https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2019.174009

Sarmiento, F.O., Ibarra, J.T., Barreau, A., Marchant, C., González, J., Oliva, M. & Donoso, M., 2019b. Montology: A research agenda for complex foodscapes and biocultural microrefugia in tropical and temperate Andes. Journal of Agriculture Food and Development 5: 9-21. https://doi.org/10.30635/2415-0142.2019.05.2

Sarmiento, F.O. & Kooperman, G., 2019. A Socio-Hydrological Perspective on Recent and Future Precipitation Changes Over Tropical Montane Cloud Forests in the Andes. Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 7, Article 324. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00324

Sarmiento, F.O. & Hitchner, S., (eds). 2017. Indigeneity and the sacred: Indigenous revival and the conservation of sacred natural sites in the Americas. New York: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04ck0

Sarmiento, F.O., Ibarra, J.T., Barreau, A., Pizarro, J.C., Rozzi, R., González, J.A. & Frolich, L.M., 2017. Applied montology using critical biogeography in the Andes. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 107(2): 416-428. (Special issue on mountains). https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1260438

Sarmiento, F.O., Ibarra, T., Barreau, A., Pizarro, J.C., Rozzi, R., González, J.A., Frolich, L.M. & Milligan, A., 2016. Critical Biogeography of Mountains: Towards a biocultural landscape frontier of Montology. Abstract. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Asociation of Geographers, San Francisco, CA.

Scheiber, L.L. & Zedeño, M.N., (eds). 2015. Engineering Mountain Landscapes: An anthropology of social investment. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.

Schickhoff, U., Bobrowski, M., Mal, S., Schwab, N. & Singh, R., 2022. The World's Mountains in the Anthropocene. In: Schickhoff, U., Singh, R., Mal, S. (eds) Mountain Landscapes in Transition. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70238-0

Schirpke U., Scolozzi R., Dean G., Haller A., Jáger H., Kister, J., Kovács B., Sarmiento, F.O., Sattler B. & Schleyer, C., 2020. Cultural ecosystem services on mountain regions: Conceptualising conflicts among users and limitations of use. Ecosystem Services, 46: 101210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101210

Schneiderbauer, S., Pisa, P., Delves, J., Pedoth, L., Rufat, S., Erschbamer, M. & Granados, S., 2021. Risk perception of climate change and natural hazards in global mountain regions: A critical review. Science of the Total Environment, 78(4): 146957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146957 PMid:33895507

Scott, J.C., 2009. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Setiawan, A. & Syamsuddin, D., 2022. Multidimensional Science Paradigm in the Philosophy Integration of Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology. Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development, 1(3): 1-10.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Maffi, L. & Harmon, D., 2003. Sharing a world of difference: the earth's linguistic, cultural and biological diversity. UNESCO.

Smith, B. & Mark, D.M., 2003. Do mountains exist? Towards an ontology of landforms. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(3): 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1068/b12821

Snethlage, M.A., Geschke, J., Ranipeta, A., Jetz, W., Yoccoz, N.G., Körner, C., Spehn, E.M., Fischer, M. & Urbach, D., 2022. A hierarchical inventory of the world's mountains for global comparative mountain science. Scientific data, 9(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01256-y PMid:35365674 PMCid:PMC8975823

Soja, E., 1996. Third space: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Oxford: Blackwell.

Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O. & Ludwig, C., 2015. The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the great acceleration. The Anthropocene Review, 2(1): 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019614564785

Steinbauer, M.J., Field, R., Grytnes, J.A., Trigas, P., Ah-Peng, C., Attorre, F., Birks, H.J.B., Borges, P.A., Cardoso, P., Chou, C.H. & De Sanctis, M., 2016. Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25(9: 1097-1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12469

Tadaki, M., 2017. Rethinking the role of critique in physical geography. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 61(1): 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12299

Tally Jr., R.T. & Battista, C.M., 2016. Introduction: Ecocritical geographies, geocritical ecologies and the spaces of modernity, pp. 1-15. In: Tally et al. (eds) Ecocriticism and Geocriticism: Overlapping territories in Environmental and Spatial Literary Studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137542625_1

Taylor, B.R., 2010. Dark green religion: Nature spirituality and the planetary future. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520944459

Termorshuizen, J.W. & Opdam, P., 2009. Landscape services as a bridge between landscape ecology and sustainable development. Landscape Ecology, 24(8): 1037-1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9314-8

Teixeira, M.T., 2022. The Ontology of Ecology. In: Process Cosmology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Pp. 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81396-3_5

Troll, C., 1968. Geo-ecology of the Mountainous Regions of the Tropical Americas: Proceedings of the UNESCO Mexico Symposium 1966. Colloquium Geographicum 9. Bonn, Germany: Ferdinand Dümmlers Verlag.

Urban, M., 2020. Mountain linguistics. Language and Linguistics Compass 14(9):e12393. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12393

Veteto, J.R., 2009. From mountain anthropology to montology? An overview of the anthropological approach to Mountain Studies. Horizons in Earth Science Research, 1: 281-297.

Wang, J., Hu, A., Meng, F., Zhao, W., Yang, Y., Soininen, J., Shen, J. & Zhou, J., 2022. Embracing mountain microbiome and ecosystem functions under global change. New Phytologist, 234(6): 1987-2002. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18051 PMid:35211983

Westphal, B., 2011. Geocriticism: Real and fictional spaces. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wilcock, D.A. & Bierley, G.J., 2012. It's about time: Extending time-space discussion in geography through use of "ethnogeomorphology" as an education and communication tool. Journal of Sustainability Education 3: 1-27.

Wilson, E.O., 1998. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. Vintage Books, Random House Inc. New York.

Wilson, E.O., 2018. Consilience Among the Great Branches of Learning 1. In: Pp. 131-150. Galison, P., Graubard S.R., & Mendelsohn, E. (Edis). Science in Culture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351306928-5

Wu, J., 2006. Landscape ecology, cross-disciplinarity, and sustainability science. Landscape Ecology, 21: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-7195-2

Wu, J., Hobbs, R., 2002. Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthe-sis. Landscape ecology 17(4):355-365. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020561630963

Wulf, A., 2015a. The forgotten father of environmentalism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/12/the-forgotten-father-of-environmental-ism/421434/ (accessed March 28, 2022).

Wulf, A., 2015b. The invention of nature: Alexander von Humboldt's New World. Borzoi Book, A.A. Knopf.

Xishi, D. & Yuanchang, Z., 1996. The second discussion on montology. Journal of Mountain Research, 14(2): 83-88.

Yuanchang, D.X.Z., 1986. A preliminary discussion on montology. Journal of Mountain Research, 4(3): 179-186.

Zhong, X.H., 2000. Montology outline and mountain research in China. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press.

Zimmerer, K.S., 1994. Human geography and the "new ecology": The prospect and promise of integration. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 84(1): 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1994.tb01731.x

Zimmerer, K.S., Córdova Aguilar, H., Mata Olmo, R., Jiménez-Olivencia, R. & Vanek, S., 2017. Mountain ecology, remoteness, and the rise of agrobiodiversity: Tracing the geographic spaces of human-environment knowledge. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 107(2): 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1235482