Movilización de carbono orgánico por distintos procesos erosivos en la conexión ladera-cauce

E. Nadeu; C. Boix-Fayos; J. de Vente; J. López; M. Martínez-Mena

doi:10.3989/Pirineos.2010.165008

Autores/as

E. Nadeu Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Aguas y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, CEBAS-CSIC
C. Boix-Fayos Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Aguas y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, CEBAS-CSIC
J. de Vente Departamento de Desertificación y Geoecología, EEZA-CSIC
J. López Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Aguas y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, CEBAS-CSIC
M. Martínez-Mena Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Aguas y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, CEBAS-CSIC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/Pirineos.2010.165008

Palabras clave:

Procesos erosivos, carbono orgánico del suelo, razón de enriquecimiento, cuenca, conexión ladera-cauce

Resumen

Con el fin de caracterizar la cantidad y tipo (lábil o recalcitrante) de carbono orgánico (CO) movilizado por distintos procesos erosivos identificados en las conexiones ladera-cauce, se estudiaron las características de los depósitos de erosión concentrada en cárcavas, erosión hídrica laminar, erosión lateral-gravitacional y erosión por laboreo en el contacto ladera-cauce de una cuenca de pequeño tamaño (10 ha) y se relacionaron con las características de los suelos-fuentes originales de donde procedían. La selectividad en el arranque y transporte de suelo de los distintos procesos se pudo asociar a diferentes contenidos y tipos de CO en los depósitos. Las razones de enriquecimiento de carbono orgánico sedimento/suelo fueron bajas (~0,40 ± 0,26), a pesar de haber un ligero enriquecimiento en partículas finas (correlacionadas positivamente con el CO) en los depósitos. Todo ello se atribuyó a los efectos de la mineralización en un cauce muy activo con pocas zonas de deposición y abundantes procesos de erosión no selectiva.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Avnimelech, Y. & Mchenry, J. R. (1984). Enrichment Of Transported Sediments With Organic Carbon, Nutrients And Clay. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 48(2): 259-266.

Berhe, A. A., Harden, J. W., Torn, M. S. & Harte, J. (2008). Linking Soil Organic Matter Dynamics And Erosion-Induced Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration At Different Landform Positions. Journal Of Geophysical Research 113(4): Art. No. G04039. doi:10.1029/2008JG000751

Berhe, A. A., Harte, J., Harden, J. W. & Torn, M. S. (2007). The Significance Of The Erosion-Induced Terrestrial Carbon Sink. Bioscience 57(4): 337-346. doi:10.1641/B570408

Boix-Fayos, C., De Vente, J., Albaladejo, J. & Martínez-Mena, M. (2009). Soil Carbon Erosion And Stock As Affected By Land Use Changes At The Catchment Scale In Mediterranean Ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 133(1-2): 75-85. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.013

Cambardella, C.A. & Elliot, E.T. (1992). Particulate Organic Matter Changes Across A Grassland Cultivation Sequence. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 56(3): 777-783.

Castillo, V. M., Martinez-Mena, M. & Albaladejo, J. (1997). Runoff And Soil Loss Response To Vegetation Removal In A Semiarid Environment. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 61(4): 1116-1121.

De Vente, J., Poesen, J., Arabkhedri, M. & Verstraeten, G. (2007). The Sediment Delivery Problem Revisited. Progress In Physical Geography 31(2): 155-178. doi:10.1177/0309133307076485

Del Galdo, I., Six, J., Peressotti, A. & Cotrufo, M. F. (2003). Assessing The Impact Of Land-Use Change On Soil C Sequestration In Agricultural Soils By Means Of Organic Matter Fractionation And Stable C Isotopes. Global Change Biology 9(8): 1204-1213. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00657.x

Gregorich, E. G., Greer, K. J., Anderson, D. W. & Liang, B. C. (1998). Carbon Distribution And Losses: Erosion And Deposition Effects. Soil And Tillage Research 47(3-4): 291-302. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00117-2

Haregeweyn, N., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., Nyssen, J., Haile, M., Govers, G., Verstraeten, G. & Moeyersons, J. (2008). Sedimentbound Nutrient Export From Micro-Dam Catchments In Northern Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development 19(2): 136-152. doi:10.1002/ldr.830

Jacinthe, P. A., Lal, R., Owens, L. B. & Hothem, D. L. (2004). Transport Of Labile Carbon In Runoff As Affected By Land Use And Rainfall Characteristics. Soil And Tillage Research 77(2): 111-123. doi:10.1016/j.still.2003.11.004

Jin, K., Cornelis, W. M., Gabriels, D., Baert, M., Wu, H. J., Schiettecatte, W., Cai, D. X., De Neve, S., Jin, J. Y., Hartmann, R. & Hofman, G. (2009). Residue Cover And Rainfall Intensity Effects On Runoff Soil Organic Carbon Losses. Catena 78(1): 81-86. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2009.03.001

Lal, R. (2003). Soil Erosion And The Global Carbon Budget. Environment International 29(4): 437-450. doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00192-7

Lal, R. (2002). Soil Carbon Dynamics In Cropland And Rangeland. Environmental Pollution 116(3): 353-362. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00211-1

Lal, R. (Ed) (2001). Assessment Methods For Soil Carbon. Advances In Soil Science. Crc Press, 403-416 Pp. Boca Raton, Fl.

Liu, S. G., Bliss, N., Sundquist, E. & Huntington, T. G. (2003). Modeling Carbon Dynamics In Vegetation And Soil Under The Impact Of Soil Erosion And Deposition. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(2): 1074. doi:10.1029/2002GB002010

Martinez-Mena, M., López, J., Almagro, M., Boix-Fayos, C. & Albaladejo, J. (2008). Effect Of Water Erosion And Cultivation On The Soil Carbon Stock In A Semiarid Area Of South-East Spain. Soil And Tillage Research 99(1): 119-129. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009

Morari, F., Lugato, E., Berti, A. & Giardini, L. (2006). Long-Term Effects Of Recommended Management Practices On Soil Carbon Changes And Sequestration In North-Eastern Italy. Soil Use And Management 22(1): 71-81. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00006.x

Ohtsuka, T., Hirota, M., Zhang, X., Shimono, A., Senga, Y., Du, M., Yonemura, S., Kawashima, S. & Tang, Y. (2008). Soil Organic Carbon Pools In Alpine To Nival Zones Along An Altitudinal Gradient (4400- 5300 M) On The Tibetan Plateau. Polar Science 2(4): 277-285. doi:10.1016/j.polar.2008.08.003

Owens, L. B., Malone, R. W., Hothem, D. L., Starr, G. C. & Lal, R. (2002). Sediment Carbon Concentration And Transport From Small Watersheds Under Various Conservation Tillage Practices. Soil And Tillage Research 67(1): 65-73. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00031-4

Polyakov, V. O. & Lal, R. (2004). Soil Erosion And Carbon Dynamics Under Simulated Rainfall. Soil Science 169(8): 590-599. doi:10.1097/01.ss.0000138414.84427.40

Post, W. M. & Kwon, K. C. (2000). Soil Carbon Sequestration And Land-Use Change: Processes And Potential. Global Change Biology 6(3): 317-327. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x

Quinton, J. N., Catt, J. A., Wood, G. A. & Steer, J. (2006). Soil Carbon Losses By Water Erosion: Experimentation And Modeling At Field And National Scales In The Uk. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 112(1): 87- 102. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.005

Rhoton, F. E., Emmerich, W. E., Goodrich, D. C., Miller, S. N. & Mcchesney, D. S. (2006). Soil Geomorphological Characteristics Of A Semiarid Watershed: Influence On Carbon Distribution And Transport. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 70(5): 1532-1540. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0239

Ritchie, J. C., Mccarty, G. W., Venteris, E. R. & Kaspar, T. C. (2007). Soil And Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution On The Landscape. Geomorphology 89(1-2): 163-171. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.021

Rodriguez, A. R., Guerra, A., Arbelo, C., Mora, J. L., Gorrin, S. P. & Armas, C. (2004). Forms Of Eroded Soil Organic Carbon In Andosols Of The Canary Islands (Spain). Geoderma 121(3-4): 205-219. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.11.009

Roose, E. J. L., R.; Feller, C.; Barthès, B.; Stewart, B.A. (2006), Soil Erosion And Carbon Dynamics, Crc Press, 376 Pp, Boca Raton, Fl.

Schiettecatte, W., Gabriels, D., Cornelis, W. M. & Hofman, G. (2008a). Enrichment Of Organic Carbon In Sediment Transport By Interrill And Rill Erosion Processes. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 72(1): 50- 55. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0201

Schiettecatte, W., Gabriels, D., Cornelis, W. M. & Hofman, G. (2008b). Impact Of Deposition On The Enrichment Of Organic Carbon In Eroded Sediment. Catena 72(3): 340-347. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2007.07.001

Schlesinger, W. H. & Melack, J. M. (1981). Transport Of Organic Carbon In The World’S Rivers. Tellus 33(2): 172-187. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01742.x

Smith, S. V., Bullock, S. H., Hinojosa-Corona, A., Francovizcaino, E., Escoto-Rodriguez, M., Kretzschmar, T. G., Farfan, L. M. & Salazar-Cesena, J. M. (2007). Soil Erosion And Significance For Carbon Fluxes In A Mountainous Mediterranean-Climate Watershed. Ecological Applications 17(5): 1379-1387. doi:10.1890/06-0615.1 PMid:17708215

Smith, S. V., Renwick, W. H., Buddemeier, R. W. & Crossland, C. J. (2001). Budgets Of Soil Erosion And Deposition For Sediments And Sedimentary Organic Carbon Across The Conterminous United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15(3): 697-707. doi:10.1029/2000GB001341

Stallard, R. F. (1998). Terrestrial Sedimentation And The Carbon Cycle: Coupling Weathering And Erosion To Carbon Burial. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12(2): 231-257. doi:10.1029/98GB00741

Stoltenberg, N. L. & White, J. L. (1953). Selective Loss Of Plant Nutrients By Erosion. Soil Science Society Of America Journal 17(4): 406-410.

Strickland, T. C., Truman, C. C. & Frauenfeld, B. (2005). Variable Rainfall Intensity Effects On Carbon Characteristics Of Eroded Sediments From Two Coastal Plain Ultisols In Georgia. Journal Of Soil And Water Conservation 60(3): 142-148.

Van Oost, K., Govers, G., Quine, T. A., Heckrath, G., Olesen, J. E., De Gryze, S. & Merckx, R. (2005). Landscape-Scale Modeling Of Carbon Cycling Under The Impact Of Soil Redistribution: The Role Of Tillage Erosion. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19(4): Gb4014, doi:10.1029/2005GB002471

Walling, D. E. (1983). The Sediment Delivery Problem. Journal Of Hydrology 65(1-3): 209-237. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(83)90217-2

Wei, J. B., Xiao, D. N., Zeng, H. & Fu, Y. K. (2008). Spatial Variability Of Soil Properties In Relation To Land Use And Topography In A Typical Small Watershed Of The Black Soil Region, Northeastern China. Environmental Geology 53(8): 1663-1672. doi:10.1007/s00254-007-0773-z

Weigand, S., Schimmack, W. & Auerswald, K. (1998). The Enrichment Of 137cs In The Soil Loss From Small Agricultural Watersheds. Journal Of Plant Nutrition And Soil Science 161(4): 479-484.

Wu, H. B., Guo, Z. T. & Peng, C. H. (2003). Land Use Induced Changes Of Organic Carbon Storage In Soils Of China. Global Change Biology 9(3): 305- 315. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00590.x

Yeomans, J.C. & Bremner, J.M. (1988). A Rapid And Precise Method For Routine Determination Of Organic Carbon In Soil. Communications In Soil Science & Plant Analysis 19(13): 1467-1476. doi:10.1080/00103628809368027

Yoo, K. (2005). Erosion Of Upland Hillslope Soil Organic Carbon: Coupling Field Measurements With A Sediment Transport Model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19(3): No. Art. Gb3003.

Zhang, J. H., Quine, T. A., Ni, S. J. & Ge, F. L. (2006). Stocks And Dynamics Of Soc In Relation To Soil Redistribution By Water And Tillage Erosion. Global Change Biology 12(10): 1834-1841. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01206.x